Chandra Kanth Home Page - CHANDRA KANTHS ASTRO TO MICRO BLOG

WATCH THE ETERNAL AQUARIUM FROM CHANDRA KANTH AND WATCH THE FISH SWIM THROUGH EFFORTLESSLY THROUGHT THE DAY AND NIGHT.

DOWNLOAD THE HEAVEN 7 PROGRAM FOR FREE

INDIAN POPULATION BIRTH CHART INDEX

DNA , PROTEIN , ENZYMES , BLOOD CELLS AND HEMOGLOBULIN SYNTHESIS

POPULATION OF THE WORLD BIRTH INDEX

DOWNLOAD THE FILE AND PLAY IT WITH INTERNET EXPLORER , OR REAL PLAYER , OR FLASH MEDIA PLAYER. OR MAKE SURE THAT YOU HAVE FLASH INSTALLED TO BE ABLE TO OPEN THE FILE FOR THE DEMONSTRATION.

Red Blood Cells Streptoccus bacterium with pus cells T4 phage (bacterial virus

Biochemistry, Haematology & Immunology ranges plus Antibiotic Assay Guidance

Biochemistry Reference Ranges

Adult Reference Ranges

Note: These ranges are applicable from 10th April 2002 after the introduction of a new autoanalyser suite.
These ranges will may not be applicable to results reported before this time, but note that appropriate reference ranges will have been reported with results.

Reference ranges are subject to regular reviews.

For reference ranges of patients less than 18yrs, please contact the Consultant Clinical Scientist on Ext. 2254

This table is only an approximate guide, as the majority of reference ranges are age related, and quoted on the report form. Therefore, it is important that a patient's date of birth is recorded clearly on the request form.

Test	Units	Reference Range
Albumin	g/L	34 - 48
ALT	iu/L	M:<41 F:<31
Alkaline phosphatase	iu/L	M:40-129 F:35-104
Ammonia	umol/L	M:15-55 F:11.2-48.2
Amylase	iu/L	28 - 100
AST	iu/L	M:<37 F:<31
Bicarbonate	mmol/L	22.0 - 29.0
Bilirubin total	umol/L	<17
Bilirubin direct	umol/L	<5.1
Calcium	mmol/L	2.15 – 2.55
Carbamazepine	mg/L	Therapeutic : 4.0 – 12.0
Creatine Kinase (CK)	iu/L	M:38-174 F:26-140
Creatinine	umol/L	M:62-106 F:44-80
Cholesterol	mmol/L	<5.2
CRP	mg/L	<5
CSF Glucose	mmol/L	2.2 – 3.9
CSF Protein	g/L	0.15 – 0.45
Digoxin	ng/ML	Therapeutic : 0.9 – 2.0
Gamma GT	iu/L	M:10-71 F:6-42
Glucose	mmol/L	Fasting : 3.9 – 5.8
Iron	umol/L	M:10.6-28.3 F:6.6-26.0
Lactate	mmol/L	0.5 – 2.2
LDH	IU/L	240 – 480
Lithium	mmol/L	Therapeutic : 0.6 – 1.2
Magnesium	mmol/L	0.65 – 1.05
Phenytoin	mg/L	Therapeutic : 10 – 20
Phosphate	mmol/L	0.87 – 1.45
Potassium (Serum)	mmol/L	3.3 – 5.1
Potassium (Plasma)	mmol/L	3.3 - 4.5
Sodium	mmol/L	133 – 145
Theophylline	mg/L	Therapeutic : 10 – 20
TIBC	umol/L	40.8 – 76.6
Total protein	g/L	66 – 87
Triglyceride	mmol/L	<2.3
UIBC	umol/L	19.7 – 66.2
Urine Urea	mmol/L	24 Hr: 250 - 417
Uric acid	umol/L	M:202-417 F:143-339
Urine protein	g/L	Random : <0.12 24 Hr: <1.5
Urea	mmol/L	1.7 – 8.3

Analyte	Ref range (adult)	Units	Comments
AFP	0.0 - 10	kU/L
Androstenedione	2.1 - 10.8	nmol/L	Male
Androstenedione	1.0 - 11.5	nmol/L	Female
BNP	0.0 -100	pg/mL	Male
BNP	0.0 - 150	pg/mL	Female
CA125	0.0 - 21	kU/L
CA199	3.0 - 19.0	kU/L
CEA	<5.0	ug/L
Cortisol	138 - 690	nmol/L	09:00 am
Cortisol	79 - 345	nmol/L	Midnight
HCG	0.0 - 2.5	IU/L	Male
HCG	0.0 - 5.0	IU/L	Female
Ferritin	20 - 322	ug/mL	Male
Ferritin	10 - 290	ug/mL	Female
FSH	2.8 - 14.4	IU/L	Follicular
	5.8 - 21	IU/L	Mid cycle
	1.2 - 9	IU/L	Luteal
	21.7 - 153	IU/L	Post-menopausal
	0.7 - 11.1	IU/L	Male
Folate	2.8 - 17	ng/mL
LH	1.1 - 11.6	IU/L	Follicular
	17 - 77	IU/L	Mid Cycle
	<14.7	IU/L	Luteal
	11.3 - 39.8	IU/L	Postmenopausal
	0.8 - 7.6	IU/L	Male
Oestradiol	<587	pmol/L	Follicular
	124 - 1469	pmol/L	Mid cycle
	101 - 905	pmol/L	Luteal
	<110	pmol/L	Post-menopausal
	0 - 206	pmol/L	Male
Progesterone	0.9 - 2.9	nmol/L	Male
Prolactin	40 - 530	mIU/L	Female
Prolactin	53 - 360	mIU/L	Male
PSA	0.0 - 2.7	ng/mL	0 - 49 years
	0.0 - 3.4	ng/mL	50 - 59 years
	0.0 - 4.4	ng/mL	60 - 69 years
	0.0 - 5.5	ng/mL	69 - 79 years
	0.0 - 6.5	ng/mL	79 years +
PTH	15 - 65	pg/mL
SHBG	15 - 48	nmol/L	Male
SHBG	26 - 110	nmol/L	Female
TA	<35	IU/L	Normal
	35 - 70	IU/L	Borderline
	>70	IU/L	Positive
Testosterone	9.9 - 27.8	nmol/L	Male
Testosterone	0.2 - 2.9	nmol/L	Female

Immunology Tests Reference Intervals

Adult Reference Ranges

Test

Reference Range

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

7.0 – 16.0 g/L

Immunoglobulin A (IgA)

0.7 - 4.0 g/L

Immunoglobulin M (IgM)

0.4 - 2.3 g/L

Complement C3

0.9 - 1.8 g/L

Complement C4

0.1-0.4 g/L

Total Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

< 161 kU/L

Caeruloplasmin

0.2 - 0.4 g/L

Tissue transglutaminase antibodies (TTG)

Adult	<5 U/mL	normal
	5-10 U/mL	equivocal
	>10 U/mL	positive

Rheumatoid Factor (RF)

< 14 IU/mL

Cardiolipin Antibodies

Normal 0 – 10 U/mL

Thyroid Antibodies (Thyroid Peroxisomal – TPO)

Adult	< 35 IU/mL	normal
	35 – 70 IU/mL	borderline
	> 70 IU/mL	positive

Paediatric levels may vary considerably from the above adult ranges. Paediatric ranges are contained in “Handbook of Clinical Immunochemistry” (Eighth Edition) or advice may be obtained from the laboratory.

To Discuss reference ranges for patients below the age of 18 please contact Clinical Immunology at Heartlands Hospital (ext 40185)

Haematology Reference Ranges

Test	Age	Range	Units
Haemoglobin	Up to 14 days	12.0 – 25.0	g/dl
	14 days to 1 year	11.0 – 13.5	g/dl
	1 to 10 years	11.0 – 14.5	g/dl
	Males over 10 years	12.0 – 18.0	g/dl
	Females over 10 years	11.0 – 16.0	g/dl
Red Cell Count	Up to 14 days	4.0 – 6.0	10¹²/L
	14 days to 12 weeks	3.2 – 4.8	10¹²/L
	12 to 52 weeks	3.6 – 5.2	10¹²/L
	1 to 6 years	4.1 – 5.5	10¹²/L
	7 to 12 years	4.0 – 5.4	10¹²/L
	Males over 12 years	4.5 – 5.5	10¹²/L
	Females over 12 years	3.8 – 4.8	10¹²/L
Reticulocytes	All	0.2 – 2.0	%
Haematocrit	Adult Male	0.40 – 0.50
	Adult Female	0.36 – 0.46
Mean Cell Volume (MCV)	Up to 14 days	90 – 120	fL
	14 days to 10 years	76 – 96	fL
	Over 10 years	80 – 99	fL
M.C.H.	All	27.0 – 32.0	pg
M.C.H.C.	All	31.0 – 35.9	%
R.D.W.	All	10.0 – 14.5
Platelets	All	150 – 450	10⁹/L
White Cell Count	Up to 14 days	6.0 – 26.0	10⁹/L
	Over 10 years	3.5 – 11.0	10⁹/L
	In Pregnancy	3.5 – 15.0	10⁹/L
Neutrophils	Up to 14 days	1.5 – 13.0	10⁹/L
	14 days to 1 year	1.9 – 7.0	10⁹/L
	1 to 10 years	1.9 – 8.0	10⁹/L
	Over 10 years	1.9 – 9.0	10⁹/L
Lymphocytes	Up to 14 days	2.0 – 11.0	10⁹/L
	14 days to 1 year	3.0 – 10.5	10⁹/L
	1 to 10 years	1.4 – 6.5	10⁹/L
	Over 10 years	0.9 – 4.5	10⁹/L
Monocytes	Up to 14 days	0.1 – 3.1	10⁹/L
	Over 10 years	0.1 – 2.0	10⁹/L
Eosinophils	All	0 – 0.5	10⁹/L
Basophils	All	0 – 0.2	10⁹/L
Paediatric ESR	Male & Female 0 – 1 4 years	0 - 20	mm/hour
Vacutainer ESR	Male & Female 0 - 7 years	0 - 20	mm/hour
	Male 7 - 14 years	0 - 15	mm/hour
	Female 7 - 14 years	0 - 20	mm/hour
	Male 14 – 50 years	0 - 7	mm/hour
	Female 14 – 50 years	0 – 9	mm/hour
	Male 51 to 60 years	0 – 9	mm/hour
	Female 51 to 60 years	0 – 14	mm/hour
	Males over 60 years	0 – 10	mm/hour
	Females over 60 years	0 – 15	mm/hour
Plasma Viscosity	All	1.5 – 1.72	mPas
INR / APPT ratio	All	0.8 – 1.2
Fibrinogen	All	1.7 – 4.0	g/L

Microbiology Reference Ranges

Antibiotic Assays : Gentamicin and Vancomycin

Performed Monday to Saturday at Good Hope Hospital, but prior notification required by the laboratory. Samples should reach the laboratory by 4.30 pm on Monday to Friday and 12 noon on Saturday.

Samples should be taken by a doctor looking after the patient and not a Phlebotomist.

The samples required are as follows:-

VANCOMYCIN normal renal function. See B.N.F. for dose
Sample Required	Timing	Reference Range
Pre dose only	5 ml clotted blood taken 5 - 30 mins before dose	5 - 20 mg/L

Please state dose, time of dose and time blood was taken on request form.

GENTAMICIN once daily dosing. Discuss dose with Consultant Microbiologist
Sample Required	Timing	Reference Range
6 - 13 hour post dose only	5 ml clotted blood taken 6 - 13 hours after dose. Please state exact time	See nomogram and/or discuss with Microbiologist

Please state dose, time of dose and time blood was taken on request form.

GENTAMICIN standard dosing. See B.N.F. for dose
Sample Required	Timing	Reference Range
Pre and post dose levels.	Pre dose 5 mins before dose. Post dose 1 hour after dose.	Pre dose < 2mg/L
		Post dose 3-5 mg/L for Streptococcus Endocarditis
		Post dose 5-10 mg/L for other infection